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waisted — wearing

xaging — airing

a mazement — de daring

B. 1. Mary declared she had some gravy to spare. 2. It wasn't safe to go downstairs for the remains of the bacon and eggs. 3. On the

stairs Mary explained she liked the flavour of the gravy and asked Clare if she had any more to spare. 4. The adminis tration was

prepared to overcome all the difficulties and complications.

C h e c k e d V o w e l s

The vowels sound checked when a slight pause is made between the short stressed vowel and the consonant following it.

3. Read the words and the sentences. Make the vowels traditionally called short, checked in their shorter variant:

— bricks upper

effect

push

— admit pot latticed cooking

— yet gossip struck touched

— 1. I admit I touched his pocket. 2. It's a pity it isn't possible to cook the stuff. 3. It was impossible for him to admit he was indif ferent

to the suggestion to come to Russia much later.

— [

]

When pronouncing the consonants make an ' oscal'5 "(that is show your teeth as if you were going to brush them). Check the in-

terdental position of the tip of the tongue. Prevent the lower lip from touching the upper teeth.

4. Read the pairs of words and the sentences. Do not replace the consonants

by [f, v], [T, Д] or [s, z]:6

A. things — those

thanks — this

something — other

teeth — gather

throughout — these

overthrow— therefore

health — together

worth — with

'oscal': оскал (the term was introduced by A.L.Trakhteroff)

To prevent the consonants [s, z] from being replaced by [9, d] keep the tip of the tongue at the lower teeth, and not between the teeth,

when articulating [s, z]. Make an 'oscal' to check the right position of the tongue for [s, z].

B. 1. But supposing it was something else. 2. It's the biggest thing of this kind. 3. They gathered the odds and ends. 4. The more we

peeled the more peel there seemed to be left on. 5. Here was a dish with a new flavour with a taste like nothing else on earth.

6. Therefore our talk was threaded throughout by two motifs.

7. Is this the man with the vegetables? — This is the very man I gather.

A s p i r a t i o n 1

Remember that aspiration is the strongest before stressed vowels, especially before long ones; that the consonants should not be

aspirated when following [s], like in 'speak, stick, skirt'; that [b, d, g ] , their voiced counterparts, are never aspirated; they are weak

consonants.

5. Read the words and the sentences aspirating the consonants [p, t, k] where necessary:

A. Pity

top

coming

encounter,

potted

dictatorship

speaking

make

B. 1. "Oh, that won't do. You must scrape them." 2. Montmorency had evinced great interest in the proceedings. 3. I encountered a

personality entirely different from anything I had expected.

T h e P r e v o c a l i c [ h ]

Mind that the consonant [h] should be very weak (in fact it is breathing out a bit of air before the vowel following i t ) . Do not make it

too fricative, like the Russian consonant [X]. Remember that it can be dropped when unstressed and following a stressed verb like in 'I