Читать «Практический курс английского языка 3 курс (calibre 2.43.0)» онлайн - страница 122

mosphere visibly creates in the sitters. Gainsborough shows the pleasure of resting on a rustic bench in the cool shade of an oak tree,

while all around the ripe harvest throbs in a hot atmosphere enveloped by a golden light.

Emphasis is nearly always placed on the season in both the landscapes and the portraits, from the time of Gainsborough's ear ly

works until the years of his late maturity: from the burning summer sun in "Robert Andrews and Mary, His Wife" to the early autumn

scene in "The Market Cart", painted in 1786—1787, a work penetrated throughout by the richness and warmth of colour of the

season, by its scents of drenched earth and marshy undergrowth.

It is because his art does not easily fall within a well-defined theoretical system that it became a forerunner of the romantic move-

ment, with its feeling for nature and the uncertainty and anxiety experienced by sensitive men when confronted with nature: "Mary,

Countess Howe" (1765), "The Blue Boy" (1770), "Elizabeth and Mary Linley" (1772), "Mrs. Hamilton Nisbet" (1785).

The marriage portrait "The Morning Walk", painted in 1785, represents the perfection of Gainsborough's later style and goes

beyond portraiture to an ideal conception of dignity and grace in the harmony of landscape and figures.

Gainsborough neither had not desired pupils, but his art — ideologically and technically entirely different from that of his rival

Reynolds — had a considerable influence on the artists of the English school who followed him. The landscapes, especially those of

his late manner, anticipate Constable, the marine paintings, Turner. His output includes about eight hundred portraits and more than

two hundred landscapes.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. How did Gainsborough start his career? 2. What is known about the Ipswich period of his life? 3. What kind of practice did

Gainsborough acquire in Bath? 4. What is a self-taught artist? 5. What do you know about the Flemish tradition (school) of painting?

6. What contribution did Van Dyck make to the English school of painting? 7. What are Rubens and Renoir famous for? 8. Why did

Gainsborough place the sitter in direct contact with the landscape? 9. How is his conception of the relationship between man and

nature reflected in the portrait of "Robert Andrews and Mary, His Wife"? 10. What distinguishes "The Market Cart"? 11. What do

you know about the portrait of Jonathan Buttall ("The Blue Boy")? 12. Who was Sir Joshua Reynolds? What role did he play in the

history of English art? 13. How did Constable and Turner distinguish themselves?

3. Summarize the text in three paragraphs specifying the contribution Gainsborough made to the English arts.

4. Use the Topical Vocabulary in answering the questions:

1.

What service do you think the artist performs for mankind? 2. Historically there have been various reasons for the making of

pictures, apart from the artist's desire to create a work of visual beauty. Can you point out some of them? 3. How does pictorial art