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438

Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 4th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012).

439

Wootton, Bad Medicine.

440

Ibid.

441

B. A. Foëx, "How the Cholera Epidemic of 1831 Resulted in a New Technique for Fluid Resuscitation," Emergency Medicine Journal 20, no. 4 (2003): 316–18

442

Walter J. Daly and Herbert L. DuPont, "The Controversial and Short-Lived Early Use of Rehydration Therapy for Cholera," Clinical Infectious Diseases 47, no. 10 (2008): 1315–19.

443

James Johnson, ed., The Medico-Chirurgical Review, vol. 21, 1832.

444

Daly and DuPont, "The Controversial and Short-Lived Early Use of Rehydration Therapy for Cholera."

445

Anthony R. Mawson, "The Hands of John Snow: Clue to His Untimely Death?" Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 63, no. 6 (2009): 497–99.

446

David E. Lilienfeld, "John Snow: The First Hired Gun?" American Journal of Epidemiology 152, no. 1 (2000): 4–9; Johnson, The Ghost Map, 67.

447

Mawson, "The Hands of John Snow."

448

S. W. B. Newsom, "Pioneers in Infection Control: John Snow, Henry Whitehead, the Broad Street Pump, and the Beginnings of Geographical Epidemiology," The Journal of Hospital Infection 64, no. 3 (2006): 210–16.

449

Nigel Paneth et al., "A Rivalry of Foulness: Official and Unofficial Investigations of the London Cholera Epidemic of 1854," American Journal of Public Health 88, no. 10 (1998): 1545–53.

450

Lilienfeld, "John Snow."

451

Ibid.

452

Mawson, "The Hands of John Snow."

453

Lilienfeld, "John Snow."

454

Richard L. Guerrant, Benedito A. Carneiro-Filho, and Rebecca A. Dillingham, "Cholera, Diarrhea, and Oral Rehydration Therapy: Triumph and Indictment," Clinical Infectious Diseases 37, no. 3 (2003): 398–405.

455

Rosenberg, The Cholera Years, 184.

456

Porter, The Greatest Benefit, 266.

457

John S. Haller, "Samson of the Materia Medica: Medical Theory and the Use and Abuse of Calomel: In Nineteenth Century America," Pharmacy in History 13, no. 2 (1971): 67–76.

458

Wootton, Bad Medicine.

459

Thomas W. Clarkson, "The Toxicology of Mercury," Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 34, no. 4 (1997): 369–403.

460

B. S. Drasar and D. Forrest, eds., Cholera and the Ecology of "Vibrio cholerae" (London: Chapman & Hall, 1996), 55.

461

Stephen Halliday, The Great Stink: Sir Joseph Bazalgette and the Cleansing of the Victorian Metropolis (Mount Pleasant, SC: History Press, 2003); Dale H. Porter, The Life and Times of Sir Goldsworthy Gurney: Gentleman Scientist and Inventor, 1793–1875 (Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University Press, 1998).

462

John D. Thompson. "The Great Stench or the Fool's Argument," The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 64, no. 5 (1991): 529.

463

Halliday, The Great Stink; Johnson, The Ghost Map, 120; Solomon, Water, 258.

464

Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

465

Porter, Greatest Benefit, 57.