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Edward L. Thorndike, “Memory for Paired Associates,” Psychological Review 15, no. 2 (1908): 122.

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Edward L. Thorndike, The Human Nature Club: An Introduction to the Study of Mental Life (New York: Longmans, Green, and Company, 1901), chap. 1.

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Edward L. Thorndike, “Measurement in Education,” The Teachers College Record 22, no. 5 (1921): 371–379; and Linda Mabry, “Writing to the Rubric: Lingering Effects of Traditional Standardized Testing on Direct Writing Assessment,” Phi Delta Kappan 80, no. 9 (1999): 673.

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Raiann Rahman, “The Almost Standardized Aptitude Test: Why Extra Time Shouldn’t Be an Option on Standardized Testing,” Point of View, October 18, 2013, .

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Сведения о биографии и взглядах Бенджамина Блума, а также о его карьере см. в работе Thomas R. Guskey, Benjamin S. Bloom: Portraits of an Educator (Lanham, MD: R&L Education, 2012); and Elliot W. Eisner, “Benjamin Bloom,” Prospects 30, no. 3 (2000): 387–395.

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Benjamin S. Bloom, “Time and Learning,” American Psychologist 29, no. 9 (1974): 682; and Benjamin S. Bloom, Human Characteristics and School Learning (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976).

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Идеи по праву принадлежат Блуму, однако следует отметить, что упомянутые важнейшие исследования выполнялись двумя его аспирантами: Джоанной Анания (Joanne Anania, “The Influence of Instructional Conditions on Student Learning and Achievement,” Evaluation in Education 7, no. 1 [1983]: 1–92) и Артуром Берком (Arthur Joseph Burke, “Students’ Potential for Learning Contrasted Under Tutorial and Group Approaches to Instruction” [Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1983]).

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В данных исследованиях рассматривается дополнительное условие эксперимента — групповое овладение материалом, однако к нашей теме оно отношения не имеет.

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Benjamin S. Bloom, “The 2 Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring,” Educational Researcher (1984): 4–16.

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Chen-Lin C. Kulik et al., “Effectiveness of Mastery Learning Programs: A Meta-Analysis,” Review of Educational Research 60, no. 2 (1990): 265–299.

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Bloom, “2 Sigma Problem,” 4–16.

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Khan Academy, ; and “Khan Academy,” Wikipedia, June 3, 2015, .

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Anya Kamenetz, “A Q&A with Salman Khan, Founder of Khan Academy,” Fast Company, November 21, 2013, .

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“A Personalized Learning Resource for All Ages,” Khan Academy, .

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“Salman Khan,” TED, .

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“Khan,” TED.

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Arnold Gesell, “Arnold Gesell,” Psychiatric Research Reports 13 (1960): 1–9.