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Разумеется, ракообразные – беспозвоночные. Тут имеется в виду их внешний скелет (примеч. науч. ред.).

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P. Piffanelli et al., “A Barley Cultivation-Associated Polymorphism Conveys Resistance to Powdery Mildew”, Nature 430 (2004): 887–891.

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N. V. Federoff and N. M. Brown, Mendel in the Kitchen: A Scientist’s View of Genetically Modified Foods (Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press, 2004), 54.

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J. H. JØrgensen, “Discovery, Characterization and Exploitation of Mlo Powdery Mildew Resistance in Barley”, Euphytica 63 (1992): 141–152.

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R. BÜschges et al., “The Barley Mlo Gene: A Novel Control Element of Plant Pathogen Resistance”, Cell 88 (1997): 695–705.

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W. Jiang et al., “Demonstration of CRISPR/Cas9/sgRNA-Mediated Targeted Gene Modification in Arabidopsis, Tobacco, Sorghum and Rice”, Nucleic Acids Research 41 (2013): e188; N. M. Butler et al., “Generation and Inheritance of Targeted Mutations in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Using the CRISPR/Cas System”, PLoS ONE 10 (2015): e0144591; S. S. Hall, “Editing the Mushroom”, Scientific American 314 (2016): 56–63.

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H. Jia and N. Wang, “Targeted Genome Editing of Sweet Orange Using Cas9/sgRNA”, PLoS ONE 9 (2014): e93806.

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S. Nealon, “Uncoding a Citrus Tree Killer”, UCR Today, February 9, 2016.

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D. Cyranoski, “CRISPR Tweak May Help Gene-Edited Crops Bypass Biosafety Regulation”, Nature News, October 19, 2015.

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A. Chaparro-Garcia, S. Kamoun, and V. Nekrasov, “Boosting Plant Immunity with CRISPR/Cas”, Genome Biology 16 (2015): 254–257.

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W. Haun et al., “Improved Soybean Oil Quality by Targeted Mutagenesis of the Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Gene Family”, Plant Biotechnology Journal 12 (2014): 934–940.

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В ходе их реакции с аспарагином – аминокислотой, входящей в состав белков (а значит, и пищи).

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B. M. Clasen et al., “Improving Cold Storage and Processing Traits in Potato Through Targeted Gene Knockout”, Plant Biotechnology Journal 14 (2016): 169–176.

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United States Department of Agriculture, “Glossary of Agricultural Biotechnology Terms”, last modified February 27, 2013, .

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Pew Research Center, “Eating Genetically Modified Foods”,

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J. W. Woo et al., “DNA-Free Genome Editing in Plants with Preassembled CRISPR-Cas9 Ribonucleoproteins”, Nature Biotechnology 33 (2015): 1162–1164.

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“Breeding Controls”, Nature 532 (2016): 147.

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H. Ledford, “Gene-Editing Surges as US Rethinks Regulations”, Nature News, April 12, 2016.

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A. Regalado, “DuPont Predicts CRISPR Plants on Dinner Plates in Five Years”, MIT Technology Review, October 8, 2015.

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E. Waltz, “A Face-Lift for Biotech Rules Begins”, Nature Biotechnology 33 (2015): 1221–1222.