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A. P. Ralph and J. R. Carapetis, “Group A Streptococcal Diseases and Their Global Burden”, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 368 (2013): 1–27.

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M. Jinek et al., “A Programmable Dual-RNA-Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity”, Science 337 (2012): 816–821.

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G. Gasiunas et al., “Cas9-crRNA Ribonucleoprotein Complex Mediates Specific DNA Cleavage for Adaptive Immunity in Bacteria”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109 (2012): 86.

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То есть приближен по структуре к генам человека.

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То есть атакующей ту же мишень.

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L. Cong et al., “Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems”, Science 339 (2013): 819–823; P. Mali et al., “RNA-guided Human Genome Engineering via Cas9”, Science 339 (2013): 823–826; M. Jinek et al., “RNA-programmed Genome Editing in Human Cells”, eLife 2 (2013): e00471; W. Y. Hwang et al., “Efficient Genome Editing in Zebrafish Using a CRISPR-Cas System”, Nature Biotechnology 31 (2013): 227–229; S. W. Cho, S. Kim, J. M. Kim and J.-S. Kim, “Targeted Genome Engineering in Human Cells with the Cas9 RNA-guided Endonuclease”, Nature Biotechnology 31 (2013): 230–232; W. Jiang et al., “RNA-guided Editing of Bacterial Genomes Using CRISPR-Cas Systems”, Nature Biotechnology 31 (2013): 233–239.

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H. Wang et al., “One-Step Generation of Mice Carrying Mutations in Multiple Genes by CRISPR/Cas-Mediated Genome Engineering”, Cell 153 (2013): 910–918.

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Скрещивание потомков с представителями родительского поколения.

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Это лишь основные, существует еще несколько аминокислот, кодируемых мРНК у различных организмов.

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S.-T. Yen et al., “Somatic Mosaicism and Allele Complexity Induced by CRISPR/Cas9 RNA Injections in Mouse Zygotes”, Developmental Biology 393 (2014): 3–9.

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G. A. Sunagawa et al., “Mammalian Reverse Genetics Without Crossing Reveals Nr³a as a Short-Sleeper Gene”, Cell Reports 14 (2016): 662–677.

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Gasiunas et al., “Cas9-crRNA Ribonucleoprotein Complex Mediates Specific DNA Cleavage.”

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L. S. Qi et al., “Repurposing CRISPR as an RNA-Guided Platform for Sequence-Specific Control of Gene Expression”, Cell 152 (2013): 1173–1183; L. A. Gilbert et al., “CRISPR-Mediated Modular RNA-Guided Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes”, Cell 154 (2013): 442–451.

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В настоящее время выделяют около 20 000 человеческих генов.

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M. Herper, “This Protein Could Change Biotech Forever”, Forbes, March 19, 2013, .

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H. Ledford, “CRISPR: Gene Editing Is Just the Beginning”, Nature News, March 7, 2016.

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K. Loria, “The Process Used to Edit the Genes of Human Embryos Is So Easy You Could Do It in a Community Bio-Hacker Space”, Business Insider, May 1, 2015.

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J. Zayner, “DIY CRISPR Kits, Learn Modern Science by Doing”, .

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E. Callaway, “Tapping Genetics for Better Beer”, Nature 535 (2016): 484–486.