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the pitch level is raised. The stressed and unstressed syllables are said on a higher pitch level. The pitch intervals between the

stressed syllables are greater than in an unemphatic sentence. The nuclear tone has a wider range. The stress is increased.

If the range is narrowed the pitch level is lowered. The stressed and unstressed syllables are pronounced on a lower pitch. The

pitch intervals between the stressed syllables are smaller than in an unemphatic sentence. The nuclear tone has a narrower range.

The words are pronounced almost in a whisper.

The effect produced by widening and narrowing the range is the same as it would be in Russian.

By widening the range the speaker can express different violent emotions such as anger, horror, fear, abhorrence, irritation, impa-

tience, joy, joyful surprise and others.

By narrowing the range the speaker can express sadness, hopelessness, admiration, aversion, regret, reproach, sympathy, hatred,

fear and other emotions.

EXERCISES

1. Listen carefully to the following conversational situations. Concentrate your attention on the sentences in which the widening of the pitch

range is heard. Why does the speaker widen the range of his voice? Try to define attitudes and emotions associated with it.

L a d y B r a c k n e l l : Mister Worthing! Rise, sir, from this semi- recumbent posture. It is most indecorous.

G w e n d o l e n : Mamma! I must beg you to retire. This is no place for you. Besides Mr. Worthing has not quite finished yet.

L a d y B r a c k n e l l : Finished what may I ask? (O.Wilde)

L a d y B r a c k n e l l : Where did the charitable gentleman who had a first-class ticket for this sea-side resort find you? J a c k: In a

hand-bag.

L a d y B r a c k n e l l : A hand-bag? (O.Wilde)

L a d y B r a c k n e l l : In what locality did this Mr. James, or Thomas Cardew come across this ordinary hand-bag? J a c k: In the

cloak-room at Victoria Station. L a d y B r a c k n e l l : The cloak-room at Victoria Station? J a c k : Yes. The Brighton line.

L a d y B r a c k n e l l : The line is immaterial. (O.Wilde)

J a c k : May I ask you then what you would advise me to do? I need hardly say I would do anything in the world to ensure Gwen -

dolen's happiness. (O.Wilde)

H a r r y : Nora! Nora! ("Meet the Parkers")

N o r a : Anyhow, I'd have enjoyed the film much more if Elsa Hollywood had been in it, instead of Linda Spangle.

H a r r y : And I'd have enjoyed it more if we hadn't gone at all. N o r a : And I'd have enjoyed it more if you hadn't been so rude to

that woman in front.

H a r r y : Wel I shouldn't have been rude to her if she had stopped chattering when I asked her. ("Meet the Parkers")

H a r r y: I behave better! I like that! Why, if that woman had But look, isn't that a No. 12 bus just going? ("Meet the Parkers")

H a r r y : Don't be too quick about spreading that table-cloth, Nora. I felt a spot of rain.