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Yuichi Shoda et al., “Predicting Adolescent Cognitive and Self-Regulatory Competencies from Preschool Delay of Gratification: Identifying Diagnostic Conditions,” Developmental Psychology 26, no. 6 (1990): 978. See also Walter Mischel and Nancy Baker, “Cognitive Appraisals and Transformations in Delay Behavior,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 31, no. 2 (1975): 254; Walter Mischel et al., “Delay of Gratification in Children,” Science 244, no. 4907 (1989): 933–938; Walter Mischel et al., “ ‘Willpower’ over the Life Span: Decomposing Self-Regulation,” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (2010); Tanya R. Schlam et al., “Preschoolers’ Delay of Gratification Predicts Their Body Mass 30 Years Later,” Journal of Pediatrics 162, no. 1 (2013): 90–93; and Inge-Marie Eigsti, “Predicting Cognitive Control from Preschool to Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood,” Psychological Science 17, no. 6 (2006): 478–484.

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B. J. Casey et al., “Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Delay of Gratification 40 Years Later,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 36 (2011): 14998–15003.

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Louise Eckman, “Behavior Problems: Teaching Young Children Self-Control Skills,” National Mental Health and Education Center,.

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Martin Henley, Teaching Self-Control: A Curriculum for Responsible Behavior (Bloomington, IN: National Educational Service, 2003); and “Self Control,” Character First Education,.

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Обсуждение темы см. в работе Jacoba Urist, “What the Marshmallow Test Really Teaches About Self-Control,” Atlantic, September 24, 2014,.

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Shoda, interview, 2014.

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Дополнительно о работе доктора Кидд см. “Celeste Kidd,” University of Rochester, Brain & Cognitive Sciences,.

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Celeste Kidd, interviewed by Todd Rose, June 12, 2015; see also “The Marshmallow Study Revisited,” University of Rochester, October 11, 2012,.

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Kidd et al., “Rational Snacking: Young Children’s Decision-Making on the Marshmallow Task Is Moderated by Beliefs About Environmental Reliability,” Cognition 126, no. 1 (2013): 109–114.

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Kidd et al., “Rational Snacking.”

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“What We Do,” Adler Group,.

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Lou Adler, interviewed by Todd Rose, March 27, 2015.

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Adler, interview, 2015; for an overview of Performance-Based Hiring, see Lou Adler, Hire with Your Head: Using Performance-Based Hiring to Build Great Teams (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2012).