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In these works, different aspects of the institutions of the criminal penalty were subject to a deep and detailed studying, but still many problems within the science on penalty and penological aspects in criminology are still not elaborated and studied enough and are still subject to discussion, demanding deep and exhaustive monographic research. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact, that recently features of the criminal penalty with criminal legal (material) and criminal executive (procedural) positions don’t make subjects to a systematic analysis.

Nowadays, the vitality of the studying of the criminal penalty and its conceptual questions is caused by the recently adopted regulatory enactments, among which the special place is given to the Concept of development of the Criminal Executive System of the Russian Federation until 2020, adopted by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on October 14, 2010, № 1772-р.

It is also necessary to make notice, that, on the one hand, the legislator defines the order and conditions of servicing definite types of penalty. But on the other hand, we don’t know what he means by the order and conditions of penalty execution, what are the real object of penalty servicing, how does the subjective side of penalty servicing manifest itself, etc. Thus, partially, this work would contribute to the elaboration of these scientific gaps.

It is also necessary to point out that the publication of this monograph is confined to the jubilee – the 10^th Anniversary of the bulletin «Russian Criminological Outlook», which was incorporated in April 8, 2004 at the State Press Committee of the Russian Federation (Certificate on the Mass Media Printed

The monograph is meant for the students, military students, post-graduates, lecturers of juridical institutes and departments, juridical practitioners, officials criminal executive system and that of other law enforcement institutions. It is also could be of interest for those, interested in the criminal penalty.

Глава 1

Понятие, система и объект назначения уголовного наказания

§ 1.1. Понятие уголовного наказания

В пенологии особое внимание понятию уголовного наказания уделяли, уделяют и будут уделять ученые разных поколений, наук и стран. Это обуславливается рядом причин: особой значимостью данного института для общества, развитием самого общества, совершенствованием и гуманизацией уголовного наказания и многими другими.

Слово «уголовный» в русском языке означает «относящийся к преступности, к преступлениям и их наказуемости». Термин «наказание» в русском языке имеет несколько значений: 1) мера воздействия на того, кто совершил проступок, преступление; 2) о ком-чем-нибудь трудном, тяжелом, неприятном.